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ABOUT FRANK
W. THOMAS
CANON OF
JOURNALIST ETHICS
Bulldog News Staff
 Our
pride in each new issue of the Bulldog Newspaper, it's beauty and
cleverness shows the leadership we are known for. Welcome to the
most distinctively conservative news page in on-line journalism
today. Scrupulously conservative & nonpartisan, the Bulldog News
has sought to promote an informed student and university community
electorate since 1958.
The proliferation of the new media internet newspapers has put
greater pressure on print media newspapers and magazines, both for
advertisers' dollars and for consumers' leisure time. As the market
fragments into a more diverse readership, print mediums are struggling
to cope with ever shrinking rebenue streams. On the average day,
media of all types consume about nine hours of a reader's time.
Americans watch more than four hours of television and listen to
the radio for three hours, but they read the newspaper for only
28 minutes and consumer magazines for 14 minutes. In 2002 the nation
had 1,570 daily newspapers- downb from 1,745 in 1980-and about 7,400
weekly newspapers.
Despite a growing population (a 22% increase since 1970), daily
newspaper circulation has stagnated at about 62 million copies for
the past several decades. America's daily circulation is exceeded
only by Japan, whose 124 newspapers have a daily circulation of
72.5 million.
Germany and Britain have the next largest circulations, with 21
million copies each. In 1970, newspapers reached 98% of U.S. households.
Today, newspapers reach less than 70% of the nation's households,
and much less in some regions. Ownership of daily newspapers is
highly concentrated.
Just 135 newspaper chains own three-quarters of the nation's daily
newspapers and control about the same share of the dailies' circulation.In
this student run newspaper, the separation of news from the editorial
is intended to serve the reader, who is entitled to the facts in
the news and to opinions in the editorials.
Nothing in these functions is intended to eliminate from the news
honest, in-depth reporting, or analysis or commentary when plainly
depicted as such.
The Bulldog Newspaper is the off-campus student-run journal of
news and opinion at Fresno State University. All opinions expressed
in articles, features, photos, ads, or editorials are solely those
of the individual author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views
of the Frank W. Thomas Bulldog Education Foundation, the
Bulldog News, its editors, or its staff.
Each student, graduate, and staff person of the Foundation is
entitled to a free copy of the Bulldog News. Additional copies can
be purchased for $20 per semester for a mailed subscription. The
on-line version of the Bulldog New is provided via Internet delivery,
free of charge.
The Bulldog News is published by the WebPortal community trust,
a section 501(c)(3) non-profit corporation and does not endorse,
support, or oppose candidates or proposed legislation. All contributions
to the Friends of the Bulldog News by individuals, corporations,
and foundations are tax deductible. The Bulldog News' front page
features provide objective facts and news analysis of all the
crucial issues facing successful higher education students and
alums today.
In return for accepting this restriction on the dispersion of revenues,
and for the commitment to devote all revenues to furthering charitable
(or otherwise public service oriented) work, nonprofit enterprises
pay no taxes, receive subsidized mail service, have access to low
interest loans, sometimes exercise the power of eminent domain,
and commonly receive direct government subsidies.
The rationale for the preferential treatment given nonprofits is
that they are better able to provide important public services than
are private for-profit enterprises.
The elimination of the profit motive and the provision of subsidies
allow nonprofits to perform essential services that, because of
thin markets, poor consumer information, or public goods problems,
would otherwise not be provided or would be provided poorly.
In the early days, we served this mission by researching and recording
in-depth news and feature stories and passing them on to local newspapers
around the country.
Today, that public service continues with a web-based feature on
The Fresno State Bulldog Newspaper off-campus Web site that provides
timely news stories on key local, State, and Congressional votes
and a searchable database.
For the casual political observer, the Bulldog News' acclaimed
public opinion research
Challenge of Democracy Survey offers a continuing measure of
the dynamic student body political opinion on local, state and national
issues compared with empirical national samples.
The Bulldog News is partnering with the Northwestern University
political science department in order to access and compare the
ongoing collection of student opinon.
The Survey, one of American university students' most heavily visited
Web sites and click-through features, allows students to compare
their personal position on key political issues to those of a larger
nationawide databas of student opinion surveyed.
Each issue of Bulldog News begins with the the most important
business news of the day, and a succinct treatment of the day's
most important political and world events. The front page feature
articles are designed to give readers the insight and perspective
essential to informed decision making.
The Bulldog News' features some of the most vehemently
debated political, social, and public policy topics confronting
the the college campus and the country today. Topics such as the
privatization of government services, health care, presidential
politics, education, drugpolicy, taxes, affirmative action roll-back
and many more are presented with a perspective you simply can't
find in other mainstream media.
The Bulldog News profiles many of the nation's top achievers
and tells you how and why each of them made it to where they are
today.
The Front Page brings you the Bulldog News' unique and challenging
'Editorial' feature, guaranteed to provoke and stimulate thought
on issues of local & national concern. Bulldog News does
not aimto be "politically correct". Our mission is to
present truth and interpret facts just as we see them!
By reading the Bulldog News' front page every day, you'll
get the informational edge you need to succeed in today's America!
Because The Bulldog News is one of only a handful of student-run
conservative (non-partisan) newspapers operating independently of
the California State University System it serves, the non-profit
corporation publishing the paper exists entirely on advertising
revenues and gifts from advertisers, supporters, members, and subscribers.
The paper's break-even budget is stable enough to ensure that
a fully implemented Internet Web Site posts a new front page five
mornings a week, but expenditures that are not absolutely necessary
often fall out of the equation.
Therefore, it has not been possible to publish a newsprint edition
of the Bulldog News. Currently, the management is attempting to
obtain grant funds in order to pay the cost of starting-up a weekly
print edition with 10 pages of news stories and classified listings.
For his reason, new computers in the newsroom and a travel budget
for reporters - things that are key to the training mission of the
newspaper - cannot always be accommodated when desired.
That's why The Bulldog Newspaper Foundation exists. All
funds raised by the Foundation are strictly earmarked for student
newsroom training, whether it be sending a reporter to a day-long
conference on media ethics, or helping to pay for photo processing
equipment similar to that found at larger newspapers where our staffers
might someday work.
The Fresno State campus and off-campus university grad students
in surrounding communities provide our reporters, photographers
and editors with plenty to cover; the Foundation serves
to ensure that they write, process and edit on the kind of equipment
that will prepare them for a career in journalism or related fields.
he seven-member Bulldog Newspaper Foundation board is composed
of former Fresno State Bulldog News' staff members and other
supporters of the paper and its goals.
Howard E. Hobbs, PhD, JD, the general editor,
and CEO of the national conservative Daily Republican Newspaper,
Inc. is the Bulldog News' staff mentor and sponsoring editor.
Hobbs is a 1958 Fresno State Ford Fellow who was in the California
State legislature, and now also serves the as our Foundation chairperson.
Our goal for 1998-2000 is to provide the support necessary to
help The Bulldog News' online Web site become the best online journalism
training center on any university campus.
Online technology is already influencing the career paths of many
young conservative journalists, and - assuming that trend continues
- The Bulldog News goal for 1998-2000 is to provide the support
necessary to provide hands-on conservative (non-partisan) online
technical training for student journalists and to publish the writing
of university students, faculty, and noted alums in a first-rate
on-line news service.
The newspaper's online news department has the potential for significant
growth in the near future, but will need the support of the Foundation
to make sure it happens sooner rather than later.
A unit of The Bulldog Newspaper Foundation, the American
Journalism Institute exists to bring interested University
alumni and former University students together as well as to provide
mentorship to the current newsroom staff.
Any monetary or in-kind contribution to The Bulldog Newspaper
Foundation supports a one-year membership in the Newspaper's
Alumni Association.
Membership includes a quarterly alumni newsletter, a membership
directory published biannually, and invitations to all alumni gatherings.
Institutes were recently held in Fresno and Sacramento, and others
are planned for Washington, D.C.
All revenues raised from alumni donations go toward newsroom training
and equipment upgrades at The Bulldog News.
Our development goal for 1997-1998 is to obtain sufficient financial
support to provide an additional student writer and begin distribution
of on campus weekly print edition the Bulldog News. Advanced
digital scanning equipment purhahsed with alumni contributions was
recently installed in the newspaper's graphics art department.
The Bulldog News is not affiliated with Fresno State University,
which is one of the oldest of the state universities. The campus
was founded in 1911 as a state normal school. Over time, the campus
expanded its academic programs, becoming a state college in 1935,
and achieving full university status in 1972.
Located amid vineyards and orchards at the northeast edge of the
City of Fresno, the campus is an official arboretum boasting more
than 3,000 trees. Planted in the heart of the agriculturally rich
San Joaquin Valley, near three major national parks, the university's
987 full and part-time faculty serve 17,182 students.
The 327-acre main campus features more than 46 buildings, with
an additional 34 structures on the 1,083-acre University Farm, one
of the most modern agricultural facilities in the west. Two student
unions, indoor and outdoor theaters, swimming facilities, a 4,500-seat
baseball stadium, and a 41,000-seat football and soccer stadium
complement the outstanding research facilities which include computer,
engineering, electronics, and industrial technology laboratories.
Fresno State University offers 56 baccalaureate degree majors,
with more than 100 options, master's degrees in 40 fields of study,
and a joint education leadership doctorate with the University of
California, Berkeley.
In 1997 Fresno State University takes pride in its claim that its
faculty places emphasis on practical studies. Fresno State, having
begun as a teacher training institute, still has the reputation
for its preoccupation with training students for welfare state jobs
in an ever expanding government job market, e.g. elementary school
teachers, public administrators, social workers, health care workers,
city planners, police, correctional & probation officers.
This Fall, only 27 percent were lower division students, 55 percent
were upper division students, with 17 percent in graduate degree
studies.
To help the Bulldog Newspaper in its conservative education mission
on the Fresno State campus, or for more information, e-mail
Bulldog Newspaper Foundation.
Contact Points:
Editor & Publisher
The Bulldog Newspaper,[BulldogNews.Net]
Off Campus Mail Service
River Park Box 3246
Pinedale, California 93650
[Tele-Fax 559.298.9349]
Ocupational Outllook for Writers
A college degree generally is required for a position as a writer
or editor. Although some employers look for a broad liberal arts
background, most prefer to hire people with degrees in communications,
journalism, or English. For those who specialize in a particular
area, such as fashion, business, or legal issues, additional background
in the chosen field is expected. Knowledge of a second language
is helpful for some positions.
Technical writing requires a degree in, or some knowledge about,
a specialized field—engineering, business, or one of the sciences,
for example. In many cases, people with good writing skills can
learn specialized knowledge on the job. Some transfer from jobs
as technicians, scientists, or engineers.
Others begin as research assistants, or trainees in a technical
information department, develop technical communication skills,
and then assume writing duties. Writers and editors must be able
to express ideas clearly and logically and should love to write.
Creativity, curiosity, a broad range of knowledge, self-motivation,
and perseverance also are valuable. Writers and editors must demonstrate
good judgment and a strong sense of ethics in deciding what material
to publish.
Editors also need tact and the ability to guide and encourage others
in their work. For some jobs, the ability to concentrate amid confusion
and to work under pressure is essential. Familiarity with electronic
publishing, graphics, and video production equipment increasingly
is needed.
Online newspapers and magazines require knowledge of computer software
used to combine online text with graphics, audio, video, and 3-D
animation. High school and college newspapers, literary magazines,
community newspapers, and radio and television stations all provide
valuable, but sometimes unpaid, practical writing experience.
Many magazines, newspapers, and broadcast stations have internships
for students. Interns write short pieces, conduct research and interviews,
and learn about the publishing or broadcasting business. In small
firms, beginning writers and editors hired as assistants may actually
begin writing or editing material right away. Opportunities for
advancement can be limited, however.
In larger businesses, jobs usually are more formally structured.
Beginners generally do research, factchecking, or copy editing.
They take on full-scale writing or editing duties less rapidly than
do the employees of small companies. Advancement often is more predictable,
though, coming with the assignment of more important articles
SOLID GOLD COPY EDITING TOOLS
FOR AWARD WINNING JOURNALISTS
by HOWARD HOBBS,
Sponsoring Editor the Bulldog News
WASHINGTON D.C. - What is news? The answers to this question
are daunting. Some students say that news is '...whatever is happening,
and sometimes things that have not yet happened.'
Whatever it really is, it should be an intersting story that
is clear, concise, and complete.
Copy editing makes every news story remarkable for its simplicity.
This happens because editors are knowledgeable of and proficient
in usage of the English language as an artistic communication
tool.
The following Bulldog Newspaper Foundation's digital electronic
reference materials are very powerful when it comes to the means
and methods available to those engaged in the profrssion of e-journalism
today. Use them with great caution. Treat them with respect and
they will serve you well.
How to Cite Internet Sources
How to Cite a Print Source
Dictionaries
Legal
Resources
Copyright
Law and Intellectual Property
Copyright
Copyright on the Web
Patents
Trademarks
Periodicals
Copyright Law and Intellectual
Property
Copyright
Patents
Trademarks
Periodicals
General Communication Sites
Scholarly
Communication and Technology Papers from a paper organized
by the Mellon Foundation; lots of useful material.
Scholarly
Electronic Journals - Trends and Academic Attitudes: A Research
Proposal
By Philip McEldowney, UVa.
PEAK:
Pricing Electronic Access to Knowledge
Project at UMichigan, conducted by Jeff MacKie-Mason.
Electronic
Publishing Programs in Science and Technology
By Elizabeth Brown and Andrea Duda.
Taming the Serials
Jungel with the ISSN
The ISSN (International Standard Serials Number) homepage.
Newsletter
on Serials Pricing
Lots of information about trends in serials pricing.
Library
and Information Science
Library Science and librarianship materials, companies and organizations
on the web.
Buildings,
Books, and Bytes
This report reveals what library leaders and the public have
to say about the future of libraries in the digital age.
Scholarly
Society
Access to information about scolarly societies around the world.
The
Penguin Electronic Mission
Literary publishing expanding into the electronic age.
Electronic
Texts in the Humanities
Reviewed texts, periodical literature, refereed journals and
more.
Freelance Writers
and Online Commerce
The National Writers Union that makes a strong case for self-publishing
and the power of the net for freelance writers.
National Press Club
Lots of resources for journalists.
Electronic Journals
Electronic
Journal Market Overview - 1997
By George Machovee, Colorado Allilance of Research Libraries.
Journal of Electronic
Publishing
An electronic archive of works deemed thoughtful and provocative
as well as reflective of the current issues and trends in electronic
publishing.
Future of Mathematical
Communication
The description of a winter 1994 conference sponsered by the
Mathematical Sciences Research Institute.
Bibliography
of the economics of scholarly communication
Scholarly Electronic
Publishing Bibliography
The bibliography presents selected works, published between
1990 and the present, that are useful in understanding scholarly
electronic publishing efforts on the Internet and other networks
-- prepared by Charles W. Bailey, Jr.
Hyper-G project
A modification of WWW specifically designed for electronic journals.
Journal
of Universal Computer Science is an example of a Hyper-G system.
Project Muse
A "new venture in electronic scholarly communications"
from Johns Hopkins University.
Scholarly
Journals at the Crossroads
A series of essays and discussions about the future of academic
journals. You may order a hard copy of the book by sending email
to osap@cni.org. You may also download
a copy.
Tragic
loss or good riddance? The impending demise of traditional scholarly
journals
An interesting discussion of the future of electronic journals.
On
the Road to Electronic Publishing
By Andrew Odlyzko. A followup to the above paper.
The
PostGutenberg Galaxy
An article by Stevan Harnad.
HyperJournal
A discussion list devoted exclusively to electronic journals,
especially those which publish on the World Wide Web. It is concerned
with all aspects of the production and publication of electronic
journals, particularly those managed by academics.
Pricing
Information Goods
A paper by Hal R.
Varian, with emphasis on problems facing electronic journals.
Scholarly Journals
on the Web
This directory provides links to established Web-based scholarly
journals that offer access to English language article files without
requiring user registration or fees.
Physics E-print Archive
An 11 page paper describing the archive at Los Alamos.
Association of Research Libraries
The ARL gopher page on scholarly communication. ARL's
1995 list of Electronic Journals and Newsletters.
Electronic
Resources Project
A collection of electronic journals in the area of library,
archival and information sciences from the University of
Toronto.
OCLC
Electronic Journals Online
Vannevar
Bush's Vision
A 1945 article that describes his ideas of hypertext.
Association for Computing Machinery
An international scientific and educational organization dedicated
to advancing the art, science, engineering, and application of
information technology, serving both professional and public interests
by fostering the open interchange of information a nd by promoting
the highest professional and ethical standards.
First Monday
a peer-reviewed, electronic journal dedicated to the Internet,
and only available on the Internet.
Electronic Magazines
WEBster: The Cyberspace
Surfer
A World Wide Web E-Zine issued twice monthly all the breaking
Web news, hot test product releases and latest technology concerning
the Net. Trial issues are available free, there is a subscription
fee.
D-Lib Magazine
D-Lib Magazine is a monthly magazine with articles, news, and
commentary on all aspects of digital library research.
Extensible
Markup Language (XML)
From Computerworld.
INTERNET PUBLIC LIBRARY
A group at the University of Michigan is developing a public
library on the Internet and anyone with a Web browser can enter
and check it out. The IPL provides a variety of reference sources
and information about electronic libraries. While still in its
infancy, IPL offers the blueprints of the future electronic library.
The
SCAM Approach to Copy Detection in Digital Libraries
Interesting article on how to detect copies and near-copies
of digital documents.
Illinois Digital Library
Initiative Project
Bunch of DL stuff.
INTERCAT
The Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) is creating a catalog
of Internet resources that will be accessible via the Internet.
This page is a good place to find out about the project and the
resources currently available.
D-Lib
D-Lib is a forum for researchers and developers of advanced
digital libraries. It is coordinated by the Corporation for National
Research Initiatives for the Information Infrastructure Technology
and Applications task group of the High Performance Computing
and Communications program
UM
Digital Library Project
A joint project of Univ. of Michigan, NSF, NASA, and ARPA. The
content will emphasize a diverse collection, focused on earth
and space sciences, which can satisfy the needs of many different
types of users. They have a prototype
of the UMDL available.
UM TULIP Project
An initiative of Elsevier Science Publishers to explore the
issues involved in electronic distribution of scholarly journals.
The TULIP project involves nine universities and about sixty Materials
Science journal titles.
Carnegie-Mellon Digital
Video LibraryProject
The DVL project will establish a large, on-line digital video
library by developing intelligent, automatic mechanisms to populate
the library and allow for full-content and knowledge-based search
and retrieval via desktop computer and metropolitan area networks.
Roles for Electronic
Brokers .
Paper by Paul Resnick, Richard Zeckhauser and Chris Avery concerns
brokering services (e.g., matching providers with consumers, negotiating
prices), not product delivery. It is part of the Center
for Coordination Science at MIT.
Report
on Electronic Publishing on Library Services in the UK
Simon
Fraser Electronic Library Project
The library is a part of the Internet Electronic Library Project
at SFU, being carried out by Prof. Rob Cameron of the SFU School
of Computing Science in collaboration with the SFU Library.
Attention Contributors & Authors
The Bulldog Newspaper production process includes the following
steps:
- copyediting
- return of copy edited manuscript to author
- author's response goes back to copyeditor
- final copy edited article goes to html "typesetter"
- typesetter enters edits html tagging & formatting
- proofreading
- author sees formatted version
- typesetter makes final html corrections
- story is published (i.e., posted on the site)
Individuals subscribers and institutions are allowed to use the
content liberally, with permission to do the following posted
on the Web site:
- read articles directly from the official journal servers,
or from any other server that grants you access
- copy articles to user's own file space for temporary use
form your own permanent archive of articles, which user may
keep even after subscription lapses
- display articles in the ways most convenient to user (on one's
computer, printed on paper, converted to spoken form, etc.)
- apply agreeable typographical styles from any source to lay
out and display articles
- apply any information retrieval, information processing, and
browsing software from any source to aid study of articles
- convert articles to other formats from the LaTeX and PostScript
forms on the official servers
- share copies of articles with other subscribers
- share copies of articles with nonsubscribing collaborators
as a direct part of collaborative study or research
E-Library database subscribers may also:
- print individual articles and other items for inclusion in
periodoical collection or for placing on reserve at the request
of a faculty member place articles on your campus network for
access by local users, or post article listings and notices
on the network
- share print or electronic copy of articles with other libraries
under standard interlibrary loan procedures
American E-News Links:
National Newspapers
Alabama
Alaska
Arkansas
Arizona
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
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